{"id":4432,"date":"2024-10-19T15:45:14","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T14:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/?p=4432"},"modified":"2024-10-19T15:45:55","modified_gmt":"2024-10-19T14:45:55","slug":"trebicsky-betlem-cyrila-celouda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/2024\/10\/19\/trebicsky-betlem-cyrila-celouda\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00fd betl\u00e9m Cyrila \u010celouda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Fenom\u00e9n. <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vyso\u010dina je jednou z v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsko pak zauj\u00edm\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed m\u00edsto pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky pap\u00edrov\u00fdm betl\u00e9m\u016fm. Zat\u00edmco Jihlava, a zejm\u00e9na pak T\u0159e\u0161\u0165, jsou v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u0159ezb\u00e1\u0159skou tradic\u00ed, v T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010di z\u016fstali u p\u016fvodn\u00edho pap\u00edrov\u00e9ho betl\u00e9ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na velikosti z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ust\u00e1lila se tu typick\u00e1 podoba betl\u00e9ma. Je tu, jako obvykle, m\u00edstn\u011b specifick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed betl\u00e9msk\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b. V lev\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti betl\u00e9ma b\u00fdv\u00e1 jeskyn\u011b s v\u00fdjevem Zv\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed, v prav\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti pak jeskyn\u011b s past\u00fd\u0159i, muzikanty. Na kopc\u00edch vzadu ruiny hrad\u016f a m\u011bsto Betl\u00e9m. Obl\u00edben\u00fdm architektonick\u00fdm prvkem je v\u011btrn\u00fd ml\u00fdn. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K betl\u00e9mu pat\u0159\u00ed obloha, nebe, krajina<\/em>, tedy malovan\u00e9 pozad\u00ed. Terminologie tu nen\u00ed jednotn\u00e1, jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b orlicko\u00fasteck\u00e9 d\u00e1liny<\/em>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed betl\u00e9ma jsou st\u00e1da ovc\u00ed a krav, \u010dasto zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161emo\u017en\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny ze \u017eivota zv\u00ed\u0159at tak, jak je m\u011bli auto\u0159i betl\u00e9m\u016f napozorov\u00e1ny z \u017eivota. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I u t\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f b\u00fdvala nez\u0159\u00eddka jak v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed, tak t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e1 varianta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm znakem t\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f je t\u00e9\u017e krajina pln\u00e1 skal. Na t\u011bch hodn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Nejsou jen dopl\u0148kem, ale v\u00fdznamnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed betl\u00e9ma a je jim v\u011bnov\u00e1na n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U t\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 tak\u00e9 velikost a pracnost. Velk\u00e9 a pracn\u00e9 betl\u00e9my byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nejhodnotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Takov\u00fd opravdu velk\u00fd betl\u00e9m pak \u010dasto omezoval chod cel\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti. P\u0159i jeho stavb\u011b se nad\u011blal po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd svin\u010d\u00edk a po jeho demont\u00e1\u017ei p\u0159ed Hromnicemi se mnohdy musel p\u0159izvat do bytu zedn\u00edk k oprav\u011b om\u00edtek.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 fin\u00e1le… v \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je obloha, osv\u011btlen\u00ed a (moje neobl\u00edben\u00e9) retu\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed hran. A vybrat okolek!<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

T\u011b\u017eko p\u0159edstaviteln\u00fd nepo\u0159\u00e1dek.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tolik aspo\u0148 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed pam\u011btn\u00edci a historick\u00e9 prameny. Inu, kdo si betl\u00e9m doma stav\u00ed, v\u00ed, \u017ee to nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 divok\u00e1 fantazie, ale realita. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pokud nem\u00e1te d\u00edlnu. P\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed o betl\u00e9ma\u0159\u00edch si ospravedl\u0148uju ten binec v ob\u00fdv\u00e1ku. A to jsou moje betl\u00e9my podle t\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed sm\u011b\u0161n\u011b mal\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1kance barvy na stole. Neust\u00e1l\u00e9 luxov\u00e1n\u00ed odst\u0159i\u017ek\u016f pap\u00edru z koberce. Hoblinky ze \u0161pejl\u00ed. Pach barev a laku. Betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed je po\u0159\u00e1d stejn\u00e9. I kdy\u017e u\u017e nestav\u00edm kostru z prken, bed\u00fdnek a ko\u0161\u016f, ale lep\u00edm ji z polystyrenu. Je to po\u0159\u00e1d bl\u00e1zniv\u00e1 \u010dinnost, posedlost, kterou lid\u00e9 z okol\u00ed nech\u00e1pou. U\u017e Nad\u011b\u017eda Melnikov\u00e1-Papou\u0161kov\u00e1 roku 1948 konstatuje: \u201eO t\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159\u00edch mus\u00edme pou\u017e\u00edt dosti drastick\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu, abychom srovn\u00e1n\u00edm mohli vyj\u00e1d\u0159it jejich du\u0161evn\u00ed stav. Podobaj\u00ed se nejv\u00edce kvadr\u00e1ln\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed si v ur\u010ditou dobu nemohou odep\u0159\u00edt omamuj\u00edc\u00ed po\u017eitek.<\/em>\u201f <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slovem kvadr\u00e1ln\u00edk je m\u00edn\u011bn nejsp\u00ed\u0161 kvart\u00e1ln\u00edk, tedy postaru pij\u00e1k, kter\u00fd se, v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b pravideln\u011b, ob\u010das opije. Pravda pravdouc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A takhle my si tu tvo\u0159\u00edme… v ob\u00fdv\u00e1ku, \u017ee jo.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u010celoud\u016fv betl\u00e9m.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A tak tu m\u00e1me betl\u00e9m Cyrila \u010celouda. \u010celoudov\u00e9 (otec Anton\u00edn a syn Cyril) jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za vrchol t\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00e9 betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 tvorby. I kdy\u017e rozhodn\u011b nejsou jedin\u00ed. Kolem roku 1900 je v T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010di uv\u00e1d\u011bno na 60 velk\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f, dokonce pr\u00fd i v domech soci\u00e1ln\u00edch demokrat\u016f (sic!).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00edky p\u00e9\u010di Z\u00e1padomoravsk\u00e9ho muzea v T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010di byl betl\u00e9m Cyrila \u010celouda vyd\u00e1n roku 1999 tiskem a my se z n\u011bj m\u016f\u017eeme t\u011b\u0161it. A taky trochu z\u00e1pasit s ide\u00e1lem t\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00e9ho betl\u00e9ma p\u0159i jeho stavb\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed je beznad\u011bjn\u011b rozebr\u00e1no, d\u00e1 se na n\u011bj narazit v antikvari\u00e1tech. A v\u011bt\u0161ina antikv\u00e1\u0159\u016f dob\u0159e v\u00ed, \u017ee je to \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fd artikl. Je to ale betl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd mus\u00edte m\u00edt. V\u0161ak Nad\u011b\u017eda Melnikov\u00e1-Papou\u0161kov\u00e1 m\u011bla pravdu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oproti jasn\u00fdm orlicko\u00fasteck\u00fdm betl\u00e9m\u016fm nem\u00e1te moc rozm\u011br\u016f, kter\u00fdch se chytit p\u0159i stavb\u011b krajiny. D\u00e9lka, hloubka a v\u00fd\u0161ka origin\u00e1lu a v\u00e1\u0161 cit a oko pro krajinu t\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00e9ho betl\u00e9ma, to jsou jedin\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria. Tak\u017ee vzh\u016fru do toho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krajin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fdzva.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tahle betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fdzva m\u011b bavila a taky zabrala dost \u010dasu. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed koncepce je jasn\u00e1, ale dobrat se tou\u017een\u00e9ho tvaru a v\u00fdrazu krajiny, to st\u00e1lo n\u011bkolik \u00faprav, oprav, zm\u011bn. Opakovan\u00e9 lepen\u00ed, ka\u0161\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed a barven\u00ed. A to i ve f\u00e1zi, kdy u\u017e rozm\u00eds\u0165ujete figurky. Najednou v\u00e1m prost\u011b kus sk\u00e1ly n\u011bkde chyb\u00ed, nebo zkr\u00e1tka nelad\u00ed s postavami. Nov\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed polystyrenu, nov\u00e9 ka\u0161\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed ter\u00e9nu, nov\u00e9 m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed barev a lad\u011bn\u00ed odst\u00edn\u016f, nov\u00e9 vytvrzov\u00e1n\u00ed lakem.\u00a0 M\u00e1 to benefit, objevil jsem nov\u00fd typ laku na vodn\u00ed b\u00e1zi – nesmrd\u00ed a je taky trochu v\u00edc enviro-friendly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Snad t\u0159ikr\u00e1t, \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t\u2026 nepo\u010d\u00edtan\u011b\u2026 jsem si \u0159ekl: \u201eA dost! Posledn\u00ed \u00faprava.<\/em>\u201f A pak zase sed\u00edm p\u0159ed betl\u00e9mem a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m si, \u017ee tu \u010di onde by ta sk\u00e1la cht\u011bla\u2026 A u\u017e sed\u00edm s \u0159eza\u010dkou v ruce a obr\u00e1b\u00edm polystyren. Na stole vedle hrnku k\u00e1vy stoj\u00ed plechovky s barvami a j\u00e1 ob\u010das omylem namo\u010d\u00edm \u0161t\u011btec do kafe nam\u00edsto okru nebo zelen\u00e9ho matu. Tohle se mi mimochodem d\u011bje hlavn\u011b p\u0159i retu\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed figurek – \u010dern\u00e1 tempera, \u010dern\u00e1 vodovka, \u010dern\u00fd kafe. Pamatujete si z chemie \u0159ed\u00edc\u00ed \u0159ady?\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sna\u017e\u00edm se vykoumat co nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed osv\u011btlen\u00ed betl\u00e9msk\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b. Mysl\u00edm (neskromn\u011b), \u017ee se mi to docela poda\u0159ilo d\u00edky odsazen\u00e9mu kruhu v pozad\u00ed, kter\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed velkou, ale nikterak pou\u0165ovou, svatoz\u00e1\u0159 cel\u00e9 Bo\u017e\u00ed rodin\u011b v\u010detn\u011b hov\u00e1dek. Ostatn\u011b… p\u00fdcha na vlastn\u00ed betl\u00e9m je pr\u00fd taky jeden ze znak\u016f t\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159\u016f, p\u00ed\u0161e Anton\u00edn \u017dambersk\u00fd z t\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00e9ho muzea ve sv\u00e9 knize o tamn\u00edm betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011btrn\u00fd ml\u00fdn p\u0159ed\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1m podvakr\u00e1te a nakonec kv\u016fli n\u011bmu mus\u00edm m\u011bnit cel\u00fd kus krajiny. Jeskyn\u011b s past\u00fd\u0159i? Ob\u011b jsem p\u0159ed\u011bl\u00e1val. N\u011bkdy se mi do toho nechce. Vid\u00edm sice, \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00fd ten v\u00fdsek by si to zaslou\u017eil, ale bojuju s\u00e1m se svou lenost\u00ed. Nakonec to rozhodnou ti, kte\u0159\u00ed mou pr\u00e1ci sleduj\u00ed. Jedna nevinn\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka p\u016fsob\u00ed jako rozbu\u0161ka. N\u00e1sleduje \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed polystyrenu\u2026 ale to u\u017e zn\u00e1te. A na konci? Radost, \u017ee jsem to p\u0159ed\u011blal, proto\u017ee te\u010f je to p\u0159ecijen mnohem hez\u010d\u00ed. V\u011b\u0159te mi, je to n\u00e1vykov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee nikdy nen\u00ed hotovo…<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zase o mechu.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jedin\u00e9, \u010d\u00edm se li\u0161\u00edm od t\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00fdch kvadr\u00e1ln\u00edk\u016f, je mech. Nakonec ho nepou\u017eiju. T\u00edm, \u017ee nestav\u00edm z prken a ko\u0161\u00edk\u016f, nemus\u00edm zakr\u00fdvat kostru. Polystyren je v tomhle kouzeln\u00fd a tv\u00e1rn\u00fd. Ka\u0161\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed pap\u00edrem vytvo\u0159\u00ed dokonal\u00fd ter\u00e9n bez pot\u0159eby dolovat v lese mech. Ty tam jsou d\u011btsk\u00e9 sny o mechu v betl\u00e9m\u011b. P\u0159esto doporu\u010duju p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst si n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edhody o sb\u011bru mechu z den\u00edk\u016f d\u00e1vn\u00fdch mistr\u016f. Je to z\u00e1bava a \u010dasto taky drama, n\u011bkdy dokonce s policejn\u00ed z\u00e1pletkou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S oblohou nebo bez?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed \u010celoudovu oblohu nevyu\u017eiju. P\u0159ecijen, autor promine, nen\u00ed takov\u00fdm z\u00e1zrakem. A pak, to t\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed z roku 1999 prost\u011b nese ur\u010dit\u00e9 dobou podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 nedostatky. T\u0159eba sklady na obloze, to jak ji museli narvat do desek form\u00e1tu A4, a dal\u0161\u00ed grafick\u00e9 drobnosti. Mo\u017en\u00e1 zkus\u00edm vyseknout n\u011bjakou vlastn\u00ed oblohu, jako autorsk\u00fd vklad. Mo\u017en\u00e1 nech\u00e1m betl\u00e9m bez oblohy, korunovan\u00fd jen Betl\u00e9mem, smrky a ruinou star\u00e9ho hradu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mimochodem, v\u00edte, \u017ee obloha b\u00fdvala pro figur\u00e1ln\u00ed amat\u00e9rsk\u00e9 mal\u00ed\u0159e betl\u00e9m\u016f \u010dasto v\u00fdzvou? Pr\u00fd byli i specialist\u00e9 na oblohu, kte\u0159\u00ed malovali oblohy jin\u00fdm, m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdtvarn\u011b nadan\u00fdm betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159\u016fm. Betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 komunita se tak navz\u00e1jem podporovala a propojovala. I kdy\u017e z\u00e1rove\u0148 byla i m\u00edstem tvrd\u00e9 konkurence. S\u00e1m Anton\u00edn \u010celoud \u00fadajn\u011b z kostela vyh\u00e1n\u011bl n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky se skic\u00e1kem. Na copyright se hr\u00e1lo u\u017e tehdy. Ach ti py\u0161n\u00ed betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159i!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inu, betl\u00e9my maj\u00ed mnohem pest\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot, o kter\u00e9m se n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016fm v\u00fdstav b\u011bhem adventu nebo V\u00e1noc ani nezd\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zkou\u0161ka osv\u011btlen\u00ed.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fenom\u00e9n.  Vyso\u010dina je jednou z v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsko pak zauj\u00edm\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed m\u00edsto pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky pap\u00edrov\u00fdm betl\u00e9m\u016fm. Zat\u00edmco Jihlava, a zejm\u00e9na pak T\u0159e\u0161\u0165, jsou v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u0159ezb\u00e1\u0159skou tradic\u00ed, v T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010di z\u016fstali u p\u016fvodn\u00edho pap\u00edrov\u00e9ho betl\u00e9ma. Na velikosti z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed.  Ust\u00e1lila se tu typick\u00e1 podoba betl\u00e9ma. Je tu, jako obvykle, m\u00edstn\u011b specifick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed betl\u00e9msk\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b. V lev\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti … <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed „T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dsk\u00fd betl\u00e9m Cyrila \u010celouda“<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4432"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4432"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4443,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4432\/revisions\/4443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}