{"id":4579,"date":"2025-04-08T21:59:49","date_gmt":"2025-04-08T20:59:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/?p=4579"},"modified":"2025-04-08T23:30:48","modified_gmt":"2025-04-08T22:30:48","slug":"achnaton","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/2025\/04\/08\/achnaton\/","title":{"rendered":"Achnaton"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

To nen\u00ed opera, to je bla\u017een\u00e9 pat\u0159en\u00ed na n\u011bco, co nen\u00ed z tohoto sv\u011bta. Ty hlasy nejsou lidsk\u00e9, ale and\u011blsk\u00e9. Achnaton, Glassova minimalistick\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 meditace o faraonovi, kter\u00fd se pokusil zm\u011bnit sv\u011bt, a nakonec ho jeho n\u00e1stupci t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vymazali z d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed si jist\u011b vybav\u00ed Tutanchamona, Achnatona, resp. Amenhotepa IV., u\u017e zn\u00e1 m\u00e1lokdo. Nebudu machrovat, ani j\u00e1 jsem ho neznal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Achnaton, zdroj: Komische Oper Berlin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A p\u0159ece, faraon, kter\u00fdm m\u011bl b\u00fdt zapomenut, faraon Rouha\u010d, Velk\u00fd zlo\u010dinec, byl nejen velkou postavou egyptsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velkou postavou d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch. Proto si jej Philip Glass<\/strong> zvolil jako tituln\u00ed postavu bo\u017esk\u00e9 opery. Achnaton (Akhnaten\/Echnaton) je jednou ze t\u0159\u00ed oper Glassova voln\u00e9ho triptychu v\u011bnovan\u00e9ho velk\u00fdm postav\u00e1m historie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco Achnaton<\/em> <\/strong>je meditac\u00ed o n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, Einstein on the Beach<\/em> je meditac\u00ed o v\u011bd\u011b a Satyagraha <\/em>je meditac\u00ed o Mahatma Gandh\u00edm a tedy o politice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velk\u00fd zlo\u010dinec nebo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd reform\u00e1tor?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Faraon Achnaton (Amenhotep IV.) se pokusil o velkou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou a um\u011bleckou reformu egyptsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Odvr\u00e1til se od tradi\u010dn\u00edch egyptsk\u00fdch bo\u017estev a s kultem slune\u010dn\u00edho boha Atona zavedl v Egypt\u011b monoteismus. To v\u0161e na konci 18. dynastie ve 14. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed Kristem.\u00a0 Jeho reforma nebyla nakonec \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1, neb Achnaton nebyl dobr\u00fdm a obratn\u00fdm politikem, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e hluboce um\u011blecky a n\u00e1bo\u017eensky zalo\u017een\u00fdm vl\u00e1dcem, kter\u00fd nov\u00e9mu bo\u017estvu ob\u011btoval v\u0161e. Nechal vystav\u011bt nov\u00e9 s\u00eddeln\u00ed m\u011bsto, kam s cel\u00fdm dvorem p\u0159es\u00eddlil a z n\u011bho\u017e, podle slibu dan\u00e9ho Atonovi, nikdy nevy\u0161el ven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Achnaton s Nefertiti a dcerami, zdroj: Wikipedie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Opera v egypt\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Philip Glass o tomto faraonovi, kter\u00fdm m\u011bl b\u00fdt zapomenut (a faktem je, \u017ee Achnatonovi n\u00e1stupci pro to ud\u011blali v\u0161e, co bylo v jejich sil\u00e1ch), napsal skvostnou operu. Operu v egypt\u0161tin\u011b, akkad\u0161tin\u011b, hebrej\u0161tin\u011b a angli\u010dtin\u011b s hlasem pr\u016fvodce\/p\u00edsa\u0159e \u2013 ten se inscenuje v tom jazyce, kde je opera prov\u00e1d\u011bna. Libreto je poskl\u00e1dan\u00e9 z autentick\u00fdch text\u016f z doby 18. dynastie nalezen\u00fdch v chr\u00e1mech, hrobk\u00e1ch nebo t\u0159eba na hlin\u011bn\u00fdch tabulk\u00e1ch, kde se dochovala korespondence z doby Achnatonovy. Hebrejsk\u00fd text pak parafr\u00e1zuje slova staroegyptsk\u00e9ho Hymnu na Slunce, kter\u00fd je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n pr\u00e1v\u011b Achnatonovi. Tento text se toti\u017e pozd\u011bji objevuje jako biblick\u00fd \u017ealm op\u011bvuj\u00edc\u00ed stvo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Fenom\u00e9n Komische Oper Berlin a Barrie Kosky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Opera Achnaton je vystav\u011bn\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako bohoslu\u017eba v p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch obrazech mapuj\u00edc\u00edch kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 momenty faraonova \u017eivota. P\u0159esto\u017ee, nebo pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee je minimalistick\u00e1, klade nesm\u00edrn\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na inscenov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pot\u0159ebujete \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 s\u00f3listy, kte\u0159\u00ed zvl\u00e1daj\u00ed \u010dist\u011b a kr\u00e1sn\u011b nadpozemsk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky, pot\u0159ebujete \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd sbor, orchestr a v\u016fbec cel\u00fd inscena\u010dn\u00ed t\u00fdm, kter\u00fd si s t\u00edm v\u0161\u00edm porad\u00ed. To v\u0161echno m\u00e1 Komische Oper Berlin<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Re\u017eie nov\u00e9ho nastudov\u00e1n\u00ed Achnatona se ujal skv\u011bl\u00fd Barrie Kosky<\/strong> a pln\u011b respektoval minimalistick\u00fd r\u00e1z opery. Sc\u00e9na je dokonal\u00e1. B\u00edl\u00fd prostor osv\u011btlen\u00fd tak, \u017ee postavy, kter\u00e9 se v n\u011bm pohybuj\u00ed, p\u016fsob\u00ed jako st\u00edny, proto\u017ee sv\u00edcen\u00ed je zaji\u0161t\u011bno rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdm sv\u011btlem zezadu sc\u00e9ny. Pouze hlavn\u00ed postavy \u2013 faraon, jeho matka Teje a jeho \u017eena Nefertiti (ano, ta Nefertiti, po kter\u00e9 krom busty nezbylo tak\u00e9 nic) – p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 bo\u017esk\u00e9ho, nebo z boh\u016f vze\u0161l\u00e9ho, jsou ostr\u00e9. V\u0161e, co nen\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e9, jsou jen \u201ev\u011bci a st\u00edny\u201c, jak by \u0159ekla Elina Makropulos z moj\u00ed milovan\u00e9 Jan\u00e1\u010dkovy opery V\u011bc Makropulos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aton je slune\u010dn\u00edm bo\u017estvem, absolutnem bez tv\u00e1\u0159e, bo\u017estvem osl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm, proto i pat\u0159en\u00ed do b\u00edl\u00e9ho sv\u011btla sc\u00e9ny osl\u0148uje. Sv\u011btlo se mihot\u00e1 a rozost\u0159uje vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed div\u00e1ka. Hudba jej pak p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed do vytr\u017een\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednotliv\u00e9 obrazy opery jsou plynule p\u0159ed\u011blov\u00e1ny st\u0159ihem spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 opony. Prom\u011bny sc\u00e9ny jsou nehlu\u010dn\u00e9, neru\u0161\u00ed, prost\u011b plynou. Ostatn\u011b ve\u0161ker\u00e9 d\u011bn\u00ed na sc\u00e9n\u011b je jakoby liturgick\u00e9, p\u0159esn\u00e9, samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, a p\u0159esto ne strojov\u00e9, n\u00fdbr\u017e vysoce ladn\u00e9, elegantn\u00ed, tane\u010dn\u00ed. Pro kouzla s pohybem akt\u00e9r\u016f se mistrn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 to\u010dna. Ov\u0161em na jako tup\u00e9 to\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prezentuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny, v\u016fbec, d\u011bn\u00ed v Schillerov\u011b divadle v Berl\u00edn\u011b je poezie. Dokonal\u00e1 v obraze Achnatona a Nefertiti. To je prost\u011b P\u00edse\u0148 p\u00edsn\u00ed. V\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed mileneck\u00fdch srdc\u00ed, n\u00e1dech a v\u00fddech.\u00a0 Doteky prst\u016f, jako kdy\u017e slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u016fh lask\u00e1 paprsky sv\u00e9 stvo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eI breathe the sweet breath | Which comes forth from thy mouth. | I behold thy beauty every day. | It is my desire | That I may be rejuvenated | With life through love | Of thee.<\/em>\u201c P\u0159esn\u011b tohle inscenuje Kosky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Re\u017eis\u00e9rsk\u00e1 preciznost, hlubok\u00fd vhled do opern\u00ed p\u0159edlohy a maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed respekt k n\u00ed, vede k tomu, \u017ee v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 d\u00edlo je vpravd\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm vytr\u017een\u00edm a kongeni\u00e1ln\u00edm sc\u00e9nick\u00fdm kusem.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Achnaton a Nefertiti, zdroj: Komische Oper Berlin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nejen kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 hlasy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Faraon Achnaton v pod\u00e1n\u00ed kontratenoristy Johna Holidaye<\/strong> je neskute\u010dn\u00fd. Jeho hlas nen\u00ed z tohoto sv\u011bta, je nadpozemsky jemn\u00fd a kr\u00e1sn\u00fd. Skv\u011bl\u00e9 kost\u00fdmy dotv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed kr\u00e1su zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed i reformn\u00ed charakter um\u011bn\u00ed za Achnatonovy vl\u00e1dy \u2013 nejprve p\u0159i korunovaci ohniv\u011b oran\u017eov\u00e9 \u0161aty a zlat\u00e1 koruna\/maska, r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9 \u0161aty p\u0159i milostn\u00e9m duetu Achnatona a Nefertiti, temn\u011b \u010dern\u00e9 \u0161aty s ob\u0159\u00ed sukn\u00ed p\u0159i zp\u011bvu a v\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Slune\u010dn\u00edho hymnu. V ob\u0159adn\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch je Achnaton zpodob\u0148ov\u00e1n stejn\u011b v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b, jako ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b. Ne nadarmo zvolil Philip Glass pro tuto postavu kontratenor. Ten Holiday\u016fv je \u010dist\u00fd a kr\u00e1sn\u00fd i v t\u011bch nebety\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in\u00e1ch. Stranou nez\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed ani n\u00e1dhern\u011b barevn\u00e9 a \u010distotou se skvouc\u00ed hlasy kr\u00e1lovny Teje (Sarah Brandy<\/strong>) a Nefertiti (Susan Zarrabi<\/strong>), ale taky hlasy kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed a cel\u00e9ho po\u010detn\u00e9ho sboru. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A nejde jen o hlasy, v\u0161ichni skv\u011ble hraj\u00ed. Sbor je \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd i pohybov\u011b a zdatn\u011b dopl\u0148uje sedm profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch tane\u010dn\u00edk\u016f. To je prost\u011b n\u00e1dhera. St\u00edny tan\u010d\u00edc\u00edch postav o\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed na boc\u00edch sc\u00e9ny jako rozpohybovan\u00e9 hieroglyfy. Souhra cel\u00e9ho ans\u00e1mblu je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1. Od prvn\u00edch moment\u016f mi pad\u00e1 brada \u00fadivem a zapom\u00edn\u00e1m d\u00fdchat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzestupy a p\u00e1dy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco ve sc\u00e9n\u00e1ch korunovace, prvn\u00edho \u201ezjeven\u00ed\u201c Achnatona (Window of Appearance<\/em>), milostn\u00e9ho duetu s Nefertiti nebo Slune\u010dn\u00edho hymnu jsem unesen kamsi mimo tento sv\u011bt, sc\u00e9na Achnatonova p\u00e1du je syrov\u00e1, brut\u00e1ln\u00ed a mraziv\u00e1. V\u0161echno vzne\u0161en\u00e9 je vr\u017eeno na zem, potupeno, popliv\u00e1no, zni\u010deno, zav\u00e1to p\u00edskem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A p\u0159esto\u2026 nad v\u0161\u00ed tou zk\u00e1zou a hem\u017een\u00edm lidu mezi vykop\u00e1vkami nakonec zn\u00ed z v\u00fd\u0161in balk\u00f3n\u016f bo\u017esk\u00e9 hlasy Teje, Achnatona a Nefertiti. Tentokr\u00e1t ji\u017e beze slov. V\u011bci a st\u00edny, zrnka p\u00edsku v pou\u0161ti…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Echnaton | Akhnaten | Achnaton <\/strong>(opera o t\u0159ech d\u011bjstv\u00edch z roku 1984)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Philip Glass<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Komische Oper Berlin, t.\u010d. sc\u00e9na Schillertheater, proveden\u00ed 5.4.2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Re\u017eie: Barrie Kosky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sc\u00e9na a sv\u011btla: Klaus Gr\u00fcnberg<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kost\u00fdmy: Klaus Bruns<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Achnaton | John Holiday<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nefertiti | Susan Zarrabi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kr\u00e1lovna Teje | Sarah Brady<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sbor a orchestr Komische Oper Berlin, Vocalconsort Berlin <\/strong>\u0159\u00edd\u00ed Jonathan Stockhammer<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

To nen\u00ed opera, to je bla\u017een\u00e9 pat\u0159en\u00ed na n\u011bco, co nen\u00ed z tohoto sv\u011bta. Ty hlasy nejsou lidsk\u00e9, ale and\u011blsk\u00e9. Achnaton, Glassova minimalistick\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 meditace o faraonovi, kter\u00fd se pokusil zm\u011bnit sv\u011bt, a nakonec ho jeho n\u00e1stupci t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vymazali z d\u011bjin. Zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed si jist\u011b vybav\u00ed Tutanchamona, Achnatona, resp. Amenhotepa IV., u\u017e zn\u00e1 m\u00e1lokdo. … <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed „Achnaton“<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4579"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4579"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4579\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4586,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4579\/revisions\/4586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}