{"id":4591,"date":"2025-06-12T11:06:44","date_gmt":"2025-06-12T10:06:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/?p=4591"},"modified":"2026-02-18T14:25:59","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T13:25:59","slug":"velikonocni-pasijove-betlemy-dil-prvni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/2025\/06\/12\/velikonocni-pasijove-betlemy-dil-prvni\/","title":{"rendered":"Velikono\u010dn\u00ed – Pa\u0161ijov\u00e9 betl\u00e9my – d\u00edl prvn\u00ed."},"content":{"rendered":"\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201eSmrt nesem ze vsi, nov\u00fd l\u00edto do vsi,
  smrt nesem ze vsi, nov\u00fd l\u00edto do vsi:
  s \u010derven\u00fdmi vejci, s \u017elut\u00fdmi mazanci.
  Smrt plave po vod\u011b, nov\u00fd l\u00edto k n\u00e1m ide.
  Smrt plave po vod\u011b, nov\u00fd l\u00edto k n\u00e1m ide,
  s \u010derven\u00fdmi vejci, s \u017elut\u00fdmi mazanci.
  Jak\u00fd je to mazanec, bez ko\u0159en\u00ed, bez vajec.
  Pan\u00ed m\u00e1mo kr\u00e1sn\u00e1, dejte l\u017e\u00edci m\u00e1sla,
  bude-li to mali\u010dko, p\u0159idejte n\u00e1m vaj\u00ed\u010dko.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pestr\u00e1 paleta velikono\u010dn\u00edch zvyk\u016f a tradic je dnes \u010dasto bohu\u017eel redukovan\u00e1 na poml\u00e1zku. Ta, a\u010d pr\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed mezi hodn\u011b star\u00e9 zvyky sahaj\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e do st\u0159edov\u011bku, vzbuzuje v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b pochopiteln\u00e9 kontroverze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To, co ale v \u010cesku trochu zapadlo a na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed se zase k\u0159\u00eds\u00ed k \u017eivotu, jsou velikono\u010dn\u00ed betl\u00e9my. Tradice st\u00e1le \u017eiv\u00e1 v Rakousku, Tyrolsku, Bavorsku. V \u010cesku dolo\u017een\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b na p\u0159elomu 19.\/20. stolet\u00ed, pak a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky mizej\u00edc\u00ed. Trochu si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee se na jej\u00edm zmizen\u00ed pod\u00edlely i zm\u011bny n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se vznikem nov\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu (velikono\u010dn\u00ed betl\u00e9my jsou toti\u017e z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed katolickou, a to se moc neshodovalo s v\u00fdzvou \u201ePry\u010d od \u0158\u00edma\u201c), n\u00e1sledn\u011b n\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed prom\u011bna zem\u011b po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce spojen\u00e1 s vyhn\u00e1n\u00edm \u010desk\u00fdch N\u011bmc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b velikono\u010dn\u00ed betl\u00e9my k Velikonoc\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed, podobn\u011b jako pa\u0161ijov\u00e9 hry a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edho, proto\u017ee zkr\u00e1tka a dob\u0159e, jsou to nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky, a to by bylo, aby se na to nenabalila spousta tradic, zvyk\u016f a v\u016fbec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b betl\u00e9my maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l navr\u00e1tit do pov\u011bdom\u00ed spole\u010dnosti velikono\u010dn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti. Smazat v\u00fdznam Velikonoc se toti\u017e soudruh\u016fm, na rozd\u00edl od V\u00e1noc, poda\u0159ilo. Letos jsem op\u011bt narazil na mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee Velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed je sv\u00e1tkem proto, \u017ee to je den Kristova vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed a jsou na tom zkr\u00e1tka \u0161patn\u011b s dopo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm onoho t\u0159et\u00edho dne. Jak p\u00ed\u0161u po\u0159\u00e1d dokola, betl\u00e9m toti\u017e nen\u00ed statick\u00fdm v\u00fdjevem, ale vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem. Plat\u00ed-li to o v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm\/t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9m betl\u00e9m\u011b, plat\u00ed to n\u00e1sobn\u011b v\u00edce o betl\u00e9m\u011b velikono\u010dn\u00edm. Betl\u00e9m je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh a skrze p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh se sjednocujeme a skrze p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh l\u00e9pe ch\u00e1peme a uv\u011bdomujeme si velikono\u010dn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Velikono\u010dn\u00ed betl\u00e9m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ozna\u010den\u00ed betl\u00e9m <\/em>mohou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b hnidopi\u0161i napadnout, proto\u017ee ud\u00e1losti Velikonoc jsou p\u0159ece spojen\u00e9 s Jeruzal\u00e9mem, ale tady jde, stejn\u011b jako u hromni\u010dn\u00edho betl\u00e9ma, sp\u00ed\u0161e o podobnost ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed a skute\u010dnost, \u017ee tv\u016frci v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch betl\u00e9m\u016f, byli i tv\u016frci betl\u00e9m\u016f velikono\u010dn\u00edch. Mluv\u00edme-li tedy o betl\u00e9m\u011b, nem\u00e1me na mysli kategorii zem\u011bpisnou, n\u00fdbr\u017e tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup a v\u00fdsledn\u00fd um\u011bleck\u00fd tvar a smysl d\u00edla. Ozna\u010den\u00ed betl\u00e9m je tedy logicky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no i pro zobrazen\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b a okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozsah zobrazen\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee velmi li\u0161it. T\u0159eba ousteck\u00fd betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159 Ji\u0159\u00ed Knapovsk\u00fd ve sv\u00e9m velikono\u010dn\u00edm betl\u00e9m\u011b zobrazuje pouze ud\u00e1losti v Getsemansk\u00e9 zahrad\u011b. Jak p\u00ed\u0161e v jednom z dopis\u016f Pavl\u00edn\u011b Filipovsk\u00e9, ou\u0161\u0165\u00e1ci by P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e uk\u0159i\u017eovat nemohli. A tak jeho betl\u00e9m akcentuje p\u016fsobiv\u011b Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovu modlitbu v Getsemane a rumraj zp\u016fsoben\u00fd Jid\u00e1\u0161ovou zradou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina velikono\u010dn\u00edch betl\u00e9m\u016f jde ale v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu d\u00e1l ne\u017e Knapovsk\u00fd, a\u017e na Golgotu, do hrobu a tak\u00e9 ke vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed nebo setk\u00e1n\u00ed se zmrtv\u00fdchvstal\u00fdm Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161em. B\u00fdvaj\u00ed zachyceny kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti Svat\u00e9ho t\u00fddne: od slavn\u00e9ho vjezdu do Jeruzal\u00e9ma, p\u0159es posledn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i, modlitbu v Getsemane, Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovo zat\u010den\u00ed a ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 zpravidla zachycuj\u00ed zastaven\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 cesty a\u017e po sc\u00e9nu pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9ho hrobu p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b setk\u00e1n\u00ed se Zmrtv\u00fdchvstal\u00fdm. T\u0159eba na cest\u011b do Emauz. Ostatn\u011b \u00faprava a ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00edho hrobu zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v oblasti Salcburska by vydalo na samostatnou sta\u0165, podobn\u011b jako pa\u0161ijov\u00e9 desky um\u00eds\u0165ovan\u00e9 v kostel\u00edch o Velikonoc\u00edch (u n\u00e1s se dochovaly nap\u0159\u00edklad v severo\u010desk\u00e9m Most\u011b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velikono\u010dn\u00ed betl\u00e9my potkal stejn\u00fd osud jako ty v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed. V kostel\u00edch je zak\u00e1zal Josef II., stejn\u011b jako Bo\u017e\u00ed hroby. Vym\u00fdtit se mu je ale nepoda\u0159ilo. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00fdch pa\u0161ijov\u00fdch\/velikono\u010dn\u00edch betl\u00e9m\u016f je pom\u00e1lu, ale jsou. A to i ty pap\u00edrov\u00e9. Ano, i u pa\u0161ijov\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f plat\u00ed, \u017ee pap\u00edr je materi\u00e1l rovnocenn\u00fd d\u0159evu. I star\u00e9, barokn\u00edmi a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi mistry malovan\u00e9 betl\u00e9my jsou na pap\u00ed\u0159e, stejn\u011b jako ve d\u0159ev\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pa\u0161ijov\u00e1 v\u00fdzva<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S kolegyn\u00ed betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159kou Lenkou jsme se dohodli na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolika pa\u0161ijov\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f. Pomineme te\u010f getsemansk\u00fd betl\u00e9m Ji\u0159\u00edho Knapovsk\u00e9ho a vrhneme se na betl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 zachycuj\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e cel\u00fd velikono\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Lenka je expertka na figury, jede p\u0159ekli\u017eku a m\u00e1 v\u0161e precizn\u00ed. L\u00edbily se j\u00ed moje krajiny, tak\u017ee spoj\u00edme s\u00edly. No a pochopiteln\u011b, figury si ud\u011bl\u00e1m i j\u00e1. Sd\u00edlen\u00e1 radost, zmno\u017een\u00e1 radost. Ostatn\u011b v Sob\u011bslavi pot\u0159ebujeme tak\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce prezentovat nov\u00e9 pa\u0161ijov\u00e9 betl\u00e9my, \u017ee jo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pa\u0161ijov\u00fd betl\u00e9m Anny Brani\u0161ov\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00edm z nich bude betl\u00e9m \u010desk\u00e9 provenience od Anny Brani\u0161ov\u00e9<\/strong>, kter\u00fd vydala Komunita blahoslavenstv\u00ed v roce 2022. Jednoduch\u00e1, ale poveden\u00e1 kresba zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed 4 obrazy: Getsemane, Uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, Hrob a Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed, resp. setk\u00e1n\u00ed Zmrtv\u00fdchvstal\u00e9ho se \u017eenami. Tohle je velmi sympatick\u00fd prvek, p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edm, zda je to t\u00edm, \u017ee autorka betl\u00e9ma je \u017eena. Zkr\u00e1tka \u017eeny jako prvn\u00ed apo\u0161tolky jsou skv\u011bl\u00fd motiv!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Pa\u0161ijov\u00fd betl\u00e9m Anny Brani\u0161ov\u00e9.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pa\u0161ijov\u00fd betl\u00e9m vy\u017eaduje trochu p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed nad celkovou kompozic\u00ed, proto\u017ee by m\u011bl b\u00fdt dob\u0159e \u010diteln\u00fd a nem\u011bl by p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vypr\u00e1v\u011bt zmaten\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejprve jsem p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel nad \u010dty\u0159mi samostatn\u00fdmi v\u00fdjevy, kter\u00e9 by se daly postupn\u011b sestavovat dohromady v jeden celek. Nakonec jsem zvolil soubornou kompozici, jak je obvykl\u00e1 u velk\u00fdch pa\u0161ijov\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f. Proto\u017ee po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1m i s um\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm betl\u00e9ma v kostele, zv\u011bt\u0161il jsem figury 1,5\u00d7. Tomu pak odpov\u00edd\u00e1 i rozm\u011br z\u00e1kladn\u00ed krajinn\u00e9 desky 0,5 m\u00d71,0 m. Scen\u00e9rii jsem roz\u010dlenil vertik\u00e1ln\u011b (dva vrcholy \u2013 Uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed, dole pak Hrob a nejistota Getsemane) a horizont\u00e1ln\u011b \u2013 typem ter\u00e9nu: sk\u00e1ly na lev\u00e9 stran\u011b pro hrob a uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, zahradn\u00ed zelen\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny na prav\u00e9 stran\u011b \u2013 Getsemane a setk\u00e1n\u00ed se Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdm v zahrad\u011b. V\u00fdjev\u016fm jsem p\u0159izp\u016fsobil i oblohu \u2013 dramatick\u00e9 temnoty nad Golgotou, nov\u00fd jasn\u00fd den p\u0159i setk\u00e1n\u00ed se \u017eenami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdhodou betl\u00e9ma Anny Brani\u0161ov\u00e9 je vegetace. Tak vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 u pa\u0161ijov\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f. Nav\u00edc zde se jedn\u00e1 o jasn\u00e9 olivovn\u00edky a ty jsou, i p\u0159es svou jasnou p\u016fvodnost (na rozd\u00edl od kaktus\u016f a tropick\u00e9 vegetace, tak \u010dasto umis\u0165ovan\u00e9 do betl\u00e9m\u016f), v betl\u00e9mech velkou vz\u00e1cnost\u00ed. Jak\u00e1 \u0161koda! V\u011bt\u0161ina autor\u016f se zm\u016f\u017ee jen na palmy a cyp\u0159i\u0161e, pokud v\u016fbec. Brani\u0161ov\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed za olivovn\u00edky m\u016fj velk\u00fd d\u00edk, Getsemane kone\u010dn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee vypadat jako olivov\u00fd h\u00e1j, a ne jako tropick\u00fd sklen\u00edk nebo jizersk\u00e1 bu\u010dina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Rod\u00ed se betl\u00e9m.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Samostatnou kapitolou u tohoto betl\u00e9ma je drap\u00e9rie, kterou jsem se rozhodl zakon\u010dit horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st betl\u00e9ma a bo\u010dn\u00ed strany. Zdoben\u00ed textiln\u00ed drap\u00e9ri\u00ed nen\u00ed m\u016fj n\u00e1pad, inspiroval jsem se u jin\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Nejz\u00e1bavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na cel\u00e9 operaci byl samotn\u00fd n\u00e1kup l\u00e1tky. Zburcoval jsem kv\u016fli n\u00ed cel\u00fd v\u00edcepodla\u017en\u00ed d\u016fm l\u00e1tek v Ostrav\u011b. Ov\u0161em v dobr\u00e9m slova smyslu. D\u00e1my na jednotliv\u00fdch patrech se mi sna\u017eily maxim\u00e1ln\u011b vyj\u00edt vst\u0159\u00edc a pom\u00e1haly vybrat vhodnou l\u00e1tku dokonce tak, abych neprod\u011blal kalhoty a z\u00e1rove\u0148 neutrp\u011bl v\u00fdsledn\u00fd efekt. Zkr\u00e1tka, kdy\u017e mu\u017e p\u0159ijde do galanterie nebo prodejny l\u00e1tek, je to v\u017edycky pozdvi\u017een\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdb\u011br se n\u00e1m, mysl\u00edm, poda\u0159il, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pa\u0161ijov\u00fd betl\u00e9m Josefa Arnolda star\u0161\u00edho<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Oproti Brani\u0161ov\u00e9 je Arnold u\u017e jin\u00fd level, opravdov\u00fd pa\u0161ijov\u00fd betl\u00e9m z Tyrolska. Josef Arnold star\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> (1788\u20131879) byl tyrolsk\u00fdm mal\u00ed\u0159em, kter\u00fd po sob\u011b zanechal \u010detn\u00e1 d\u00edla (obrazy, fresky, olt\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed obrazy, Bo\u017e\u00ed hroby) rozeset\u00e1 po rakousk\u00fdch kostel\u00edch. Stylem byl kdesi mezi barokn\u00edm stylem a nazar\u00e9ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeden z jeho pa\u0161ijov\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f vydala rakousk\u00e1 Tyrolia a pr\u00e1v\u011b ten si p\u0159edstav\u00edme. Nejd\u0159\u00edve je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee betl\u00e9m byl vydan\u00fd ve dvou \u010d\u00e1stech. Prvn\u00ed s n\u00e1zvem Tiroler Passionskrippe<\/em> p\u0159edstavuje ud\u00e1losti od Getsemane po uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, druh\u00fd soubor vydan\u00fd jako Heiliges Grab aus Tirol<\/em>. Ve vyd\u00e1n\u00ed je uvedeno \u201enach Josef Arnold<\/em>\u201c, tak\u017ee je ot\u00e1zkou, zda autorem je skute\u010dn\u011b Arnold, nicm\u00e9n\u011b stylov\u011b to sed\u00ed a betl\u00e9my jsou stejn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou d\u00edlem kolektivn\u00edm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Arnoldova pa\u0161ijov\u00e9ho betl\u00e9ma u rakousk\u00e9ho vydavatelstv\u00ed Tyrolia Verlag.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

O Bo\u017e\u00edm hrobu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tato druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdjev Bo\u017e\u00edho hrobu v tyrolsk\u00e9 tradici, tedy s barevn\u00fdmi sklen\u011bn\u00fdmi koulemi, a sc\u00e9nu Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed. U skute\u010dn\u00fdch Bo\u017e\u00edch hrob\u016f jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny sklen\u011bn\u00e9 ba\u0148ky (opravdu velk\u00e9) zvan\u00e9 \u0161evcovsk\u00e9 koule napln\u011bn\u00e9 barevn\u00fdmi tekutinami, za nimi jsou pak um\u00edst\u011bny olejov\u00e9 lampy nebo sv\u00ed\u010dky. Efekt \u0161evcovsk\u00e9 koule jako spojen\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky vyu\u017e\u00edvali d\u0159\u00edve \u0159emesln\u00edci pro dobr\u00e9 osv\u00edcen\u00ed m\u00edsta p\u0159i jemn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci. U Bo\u017e\u00edch hrob\u016f se pak obarven\u00edm tekutiny v kouli dosahuje tajemnou atmosf\u00e9ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takov\u00fd tyrolsk\u00fd Bo\u017e\u00ed hrob se pak stav\u00ed bu\u010f v kapli nebo p\u0159\u00edmo v presbyt\u00e1\u0159i, jeho sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jsou velk\u00e9 malovan\u00e9 kulisy, kter\u00e9 prostor naprosto p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed. Ostatn\u011b s\u00e1m Josef Arnold byl autorem takov\u00fdch Bo\u017e\u00edch hrob\u016f. N\u011bkdy jsou v\u00fdjevy Bo\u017e\u00edho hrobu dokonce mechanick\u00e9 v duchu barokn\u00edho kosteln\u00edho divadla \u2013 theatrum sacrum<\/em>. Tyhle, z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu mo\u017en\u00e1 trochu show, slou\u017eily v d\u00e1vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010dasech pro vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f publiku. Gramotnost tehdy nebyla na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni, a pr\u00e1v\u011b divadlo a vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed mohlo lidem l\u00e9pe p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit d\u00e1vn\u00e9 staroz\u00e1konn\u00ed nebo novoz\u00e1konn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mimochodem, k t\u00e9matu \u0161evcovsk\u00fdch koul\u00ed a jejich role u Bo\u017e\u00edho hrobu jsem na\u0161el zaj\u00edmav\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek o objevu t\u011bchto artefakt\u016f<\/a> v obci \u00dater\u00fd v Plze\u0148sk\u00e9 diec\u00e9zi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Bo\u017e\u00ed hrob, Patsch, Tyrolsko.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Bo\u017e\u00ed hrob, kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed kostel sv. Petra a Pavla, H\u00f6glw\u00f6rth – Anger.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ale zp\u011bt k Arnoldovu betl\u00e9mu. Jde o vyst\u0159ihov\u00e1nku, pap\u00edrov\u00fd betl\u00e9m, tak\u017ee koule v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nejsou sklen\u011bn\u00e9, ale vid\u011bl jsem i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto betl\u00e9ma tak, \u017ee zde byly um\u00edst\u011bny skute\u010dn\u011b sklen\u011bn\u00e9 nebo barevn\u00e9 koule, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i osv\u011btlen\u00ed. To, co u skute\u010dn\u00e9ho tyrolsk\u00e9ho Bo\u017e\u00edho hrobu m\u016f\u017ee navodit magickou a zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ru, mi v\u0161ak u pap\u00edrov\u00e9ho betl\u00e9ma p\u0159i\u0161lo sp\u00ed\u0161 komick\u00e9, a hlavn\u011b to vy\u017eaduje vysv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011bru div\u00e1k\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou sezn\u00e1meni s touto tyrolskou tradic\u00ed a koule na n\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e pou\u0165ov\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Probl\u00e9m s Arnoldov\u00fdm Bo\u017e\u00edm hrobem od Tyrolie je je\u0161t\u011b jeden. Nen\u00ed k sehn\u00e1n\u00ed. Ob\u010das se objev\u00ed n\u011bkde v antikvari\u00e1tech, ale n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed nebo rakou\u0161t\u00ed antikv\u00e1\u0159i jsou schopni nasadit vpravd\u011b astronomick\u00e9 ceny, a vydavatelstv\u00ed Tyrolia mi sd\u011blilo, \u017ee dotisk v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nepl\u00e1nuje. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b od toho tu m\u00e1me betl\u00e9ma\u0159sk\u00e9 skupiny, abychom si navz\u00e1jem pom\u00e1hali, \u017ee? A tak naraz\u00edte p\u0159i sh\u00e1\u0148ce po hrobu na odkaz, kde autor p\u00ed\u0161e – \u201enen\u00ed to sice komplet, ale obr\u00e1zky jsou OPRAVDU VELK\u00c9,<\/em>\u201c a p\u0159ilo\u017e\u00ed odkaz na webovou str\u00e1nku. Tam najdete (obh\u00e1jci autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v si nyn\u00ed p\u0159iprav\u00ed kameny) naskenovan\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Bo\u017e\u00edho hrobu s alibistickou pozn\u00e1mkou, \u017ee \u201ejde o vlastnictv\u00ed Tyrolia Verlag<\/em>\u201c (a te\u010f ho\u010fte kamenem!). Chyb\u00ed tam jeden str\u00e1\u017en\u00fd a v\u00e1zy s citrusy a r\u016f\u017ei\u010dkami a koule je tam jen v jedn\u00e9 barv\u011b, ale nevad\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee rozli\u0161en\u00ed je dostate\u010dn\u00e9 a p\u0159i tro\u0161e hran\u00ed s velikost\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1te kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 figury pro inscenov\u00e1n\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00edho hrobu i sc\u00e9ny Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed, a o to jde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edit (\u00fanor 2026): U\u017e m\u00e1m origin\u00e1l Arnoldova Bo\u017e\u00edho hrobu – dostal jsem ho jako d\u00e1rek od jihotyrolsk\u00e9ho betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho spolku. Jup\u00ed!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak na pa\u0161ijov\u00fd betl\u00e9m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Arnold\u016fv betl\u00e9m v kombinaci obou vydan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed obsahuje sc\u00e9ny: Modlitba v Getsemane, zat\u010den\u00ed (nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e skupinu dr\u00e1b\u016f, kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed a Jid\u00e1\u0161e, kter\u00e1 sp\u011bje do Getsemane), bi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, korunov\u00e1n\u00ed trn\u00edm a posm\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed se Kristu, cesta na Golgotu, uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b hry v kostky o Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161\u016fv pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165), Bo\u017e\u00ed hrob a Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dem k pa\u0161ijov\u00e9mu betl\u00e9mu je rozd\u011blen\u00ed figur podle sc\u00e9n, promy\u0161len\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e \u2013 tedy posloupnosti sc\u00e9n a rozvr\u017een\u00ed cel\u00e9ho betl\u00e9ma. Zat\u00edmco u v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho betl\u00e9ma m\u00e1me zpravidla jedno ohnisko (jesli\u010dky), p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b tedy je\u0161t\u011b sc\u00e9nu Zv\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a alternativu v podob\u011b T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f, u pa\u0161ijov\u00e9ho betl\u00e9ma je t\u0159eba pracovat s v\u00edce sc\u00e9nami a nevypr\u00e1v\u011bt p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh chaoticky. To zpravidla klade n\u00e1roky i na prostorov\u00fd rozsah betl\u00e9ma \u2013 jeho rozm\u011bry. M\u016f\u017eete sice v\u0161echny figury n\u011bjak napl\u00e1cat na jedno m\u00edsto (a divili byste se, d\u011bje se to \u010dasto) a uplatnit n\u011bjak\u00e9 pouze povrchn\u011b estetick\u00e9 hledisko, ale podle m\u00e9ho je t\u0159eba dr\u017eet se p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu a vypr\u00e1v\u011bt ho postupn\u011b. A to, p\u0159esto\u017ee v\u00edme, \u017ee s posloupnost\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed to nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b jednoduch\u00e9. Je t\u0159eba \u010d\u00edst \u010dty\u0159i zpr\u00e1vy (sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e), kter\u00e9 se sice potk\u00e1vaj\u00ed, ale rozhodn\u011b nep\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed. Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i mysl\u00edm samoz\u0159ejm\u011b evangelia. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed \u010dasovou linku nen\u00ed t\u0159eba dodr\u017eet \u00fapln\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b, proto\u017ee bychom se dohadovali, jestli to cel\u00e9 bylo p\u0159ed \u017eidovsk\u00fdmi Velikonocemi nebo b\u011bhem nich, a o to ani nejde, proto\u017ee pro \u010diteln\u00fd pa\u0161ijov\u00fd betl\u00e9m je to nepodstatn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stavba Arnoldova betl\u00e9ma<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Arnold\u016fv betl\u00e9m jsem si roz\u010dlenil na v\u00fdjevy m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u2013 tedy bi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, korunov\u00e1n\u00ed trn\u00edm a v\u00fdsm\u011bch; a na v\u00fdjevy za hradbami \u2013 tedy Getsemane, v\u010detn\u011b dareb\u016f tam sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch, veden\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e na Golgotu a sc\u00e9ny na Golgot\u011b, a Bo\u017e\u00ed hrob a Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed. A op\u011bt plat\u00ed, \u017ee jde hlavn\u011b o symbolick\u00e9 \u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 nehrajeme si na model Jeruzal\u00e9ma Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovy doby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1hoda tomu cht\u011bla, \u017ee jsem p\u0159i jedn\u00e9 ze sv\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch cest do ter\u00e9nu na\u0161el odhozen\u00fd velk\u00fd kus polystyrenu, ve kter\u00e9m jsem okam\u017eit\u011b uvid\u011bl z\u00e1klad pro dva oblouky, podloub\u00ed, v nich\u017e by se mohly odehr\u00e1vat sc\u00e9ny bi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a korunov\u00e1n\u00ed trn\u00edm. Arnold\u016fv pa\u0161ijov\u00fd betl\u00e9m je tak prvn\u00edm, kde se u\u010d\u00edm tvo\u0159it n\u011bjak\u00e9 stavby nebo n\u00e1znaky staveb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To je mimochodem dal\u0161\u00ed specifikum pap\u00edrov\u00fdch pa\u0161ijov\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1m. Nejsou tam stavby a v\u011bt\u0161inou chyb\u00ed vegetace a to, \u010demu betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159i \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed lan\u010dofty. Jsou tam jen figury postav, nanejv\u00fd\u0161 n\u011bjak\u00fd ten kv\u011btn\u00edk s citron\u00edkem nebo pomeran\u010dovn\u00edkem ve stylu renesan\u010dn\u00edch zahrad. To je p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost a v\u00fdzva k u\u010den\u00ed se nov\u00e9ho, tedy, jak ud\u011blat m\u011bstskou krajinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Rod\u00ed se betl\u00e9m.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

U Arnolda za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1m dv\u011bma oblouky a n\u00e1znakem hradebn\u00edho cimbu\u0159\u00ed, jako vymezen\u00ed linie m\u011bsto\/p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed. Zbytek krajiny je koncipov\u00e1n podobn\u011b, jako to d\u011bl\u00e1m u v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch betl\u00e9m\u016f \u2013 polystyrenov\u00e1 kostra a barven\u00fd ka\u0161\u00edrovan\u00fd pap\u00edrov\u00fd ter\u00e9n. P\u0159ed Getsemanskou zahradu p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1m mostek p\u0159es potok. Ano, m\u00e1 to b\u00fdt Cedron. Vegetaci dopl\u0148uju z jin\u00fdch barokn\u00edch betl\u00e9m\u016f. Jak u\u017e jsem psal, olivovn\u00edky nejsou, tak\u017ee z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1m u palem a cyp\u0159i\u0161\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozad\u00ed op\u011bt \u010dlen\u00edm na temn\u00e9 na Golgot\u011b a jasn\u00e9, by\u0165 obla\u010dn\u00e9, nebe p\u0159i sc\u00e9n\u011b Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozm\u011bry postaven\u00e9ho betl\u00e9ma jsou: d\u00e9lka 140 cm \u00d7 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka 50 cm \u00d7 v\u00fd\u0161ka 90 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Pa\u0161ijov\u00fd betl\u00e9m Josefa Arnolda star\u0161\u00edho. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 hotovo, chyb\u00ed retu\u0161e hran figur a okolek. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201eSmrt nesem ze vsi, nov\u00fd l\u00edto do vsi,  smrt nesem ze vsi, nov\u00fd l\u00edto do vsi:  s \u010derven\u00fdmi vejci, s \u017elut\u00fdmi mazanci.  Smrt plave po vod\u011b, nov\u00fd l\u00edto k n\u00e1m ide.  Smrt plave po vod\u011b, nov\u00fd l\u00edto k n\u00e1m ide,  s \u010derven\u00fdmi vejci, s \u017elut\u00fdmi mazanci.  Jak\u00fd je to mazanec, bez ko\u0159en\u00ed, bez vajec.  Pan\u00ed … <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed „Velikono\u010dn\u00ed – Pa\u0161ijov\u00e9 betl\u00e9my – d\u00edl prvn\u00ed.“<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4591"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4591"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4801,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4591\/revisions\/4801"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cozynotes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}